What is JDBC Transaction Management and how is it used to maintain data consistency?

 JDBC Transaction Management

JDBC Transaction Management is a mechanism that allows you to group multiple database operations into a single transaction. A transaction is a set of related database operations that must be treated as a single unit of work. Transactions ensure that data consistency is maintained even in the presence of multiple concurrent database operations.

In Java, JDBC provides methods to manage transactions through the Connection interface. The basic steps involved in using JDBC Transaction Management are as follows:

1. Get a Connection to the database using the DriverManager class.

2. Disable Auto-Commit mode on the Connection object using the setAutoCommit() method.

3. Execute one or more database operations as part of a transaction using the Statement or PreparedStatement interfaces.

4. If all operations succeed, commit the transaction using the commit() method on the Connection object.

5. If any operation fails, rollback the transaction using the rollback() method on the Connection object.

6. Transaction Definition: JDBC transactions are defined using the Connection interface. The Connection interface provides two methods to manage transactions, which are as follows:

beginTransaction(): This method is used to start a new transaction.

commit(): This method is used to commit the transaction and make all the changes permanent in the database.

rollback(): This method is used to undo all the changes made in the current transaction.

Error Handling: Transaction management involves error handling in case an exception occurs. If any exception occurs while executing a transaction, we need to roll back the transaction using the Connection.rollback() method.

Here's an example that illustrates how to use JDBC Transaction Management to maintain data consistency:

try {

Connection conn =

DriverManager.getConnection

("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb",

"user", "password");

conn.setAutoCommit(false);

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

 stmt.executeUpdate

("UPDATE accounts SET balance =

balance - 500 WHERE account_number =

'1234'");

 stmt.executeUpdate

("UPDATE accounts SET balance =

balance + 500 WHERE account_number =

'5678'");

conn.commit();

conn.close();

} catch (SQLException e) {

  System.err.println

("Transaction failed. Rolling back.");

  conn.rollback();

}

In this example, we are transferring 500 units of currency from account 1234 to account 5678. The setAutoCommit(false) method is used to disable Auto-Commit mode. 

The two database operations are executed as part of a single transaction. If both operations succeed, the commit() method is called to commit the transaction. If either operation fails, the rollback() method is called to undo the changes made by the transaction.

By using JDBC Transaction Management, you can ensure that your database operations are executed as a single unit of work, thereby maintaining data consistency and avoiding data corruption.

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